ESPHome supports air conditioners. Air conditioners can represent different types of hardware, but the crucial factor is that air conditioners have an adjustable target temperature and can be switched to different modes such as HEAT, COOL, AUTO or OFF.
Text sensors are very similar to normal sensors. However, if the "normal" sensors only represent sensors that output numbers, this component can represent any text.
The GPIO switch platform allows you to use any pin on your node as a switch. For example, you can connect a relay to a GPIO pin and use it through this platform.